南京师范大学2005年英语语言学考研复试试题
一、单选。
1. All the following languages belong to the Indo-European family except ________.
A). English B) Chinese C) German D) French
2. From linguistics is formal in the sense that ________.
A) it studies languages that existed a long time ago.
B) it studies social formalities in language learning.
C) it is a branch of science.
D) it studies language chiefly by looking at its formal structure.
3. The word “faction” is an example of ________ in word formation.
A) acronym B) blending C) functional shift D) back formation
4. The sentence “Hopefully, it will not rain tomorrow.” was criticized in _______.
A) formal B) functional C) descriptive D) prescriptive
5. Greetings such as “How are you” and “Good morning” are ________ in function.
A) phatic B) informative C) expressive D) vocative
6. _______ has become one of the main features of the interlanguage.
A) Fossilization B) Utilization C) Assimilation D) Deletion
7.Generally speaking, _______ is not the theories concerning how language is learned.
A) behaviorist view of language acquisition
B) innatist view of language acquisition
C) interactionist view of language acquisition
D) psychological view of language acquisition
8. When the notion of ______ was taken into consideration, semantics spilled over into pragmatics.
A) text B) context C) texture D) intertextuality
9. The term ________ refers to a sociolinguistic situation similar to bilingualism.
A) diglossia B) langue C) parole D) multiculturalism
10.“Received Pronunciation” (RP) exemplifies _______.
A) sociolect B) regional dialect C) ethnic dialect D) idiolect
二、定义
1.allophone: 2.polysemy:
3.cultural diffusion: 4.speech community:
5. integrative motivation: 6.speech act theory:
7.context: 8.surface structure:
9. presequence: 10.motherese:
三、判断
1.Language itself is not sexist, just as it is not obscene; but it can connote sexist attitudes.
2.Irony could be a means to solve the conflict between CP and PP.
3.The principal features of audiolinguilism are an emphasis on structures in language which can be learned as regular patterns of verbal behavior and the belief that the learning is a process of habit formation.
4.The direct method proposes that the teacher should be silent as much as possible and should encourage the learners to produce as much as possible.
5.Meaning shift refers to a semantic change in which the meaning of a word changes in time.
6.In most cases the illocutionary force of “It’s noisy outside!” is a warning.
7. Performatives were the statements that either state or describe, and were thus verifiable.
8.The function words of a language are sometimes called open class words.
9.Cognitive linguistics is a new branch of linguistics within the framework of second generation cognitive science.
10.Displacement means that language can be used to refer to contexts removed fro the immediate situations of the speaker.
11.The famous type of question “Have you stopped beating your wife?” is disallowed in court, because accepting the validity of the question means accepting its presupposition.
12.Idiolect is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variants.
13.The basic principle of the IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) is using one letter from American English to represent one speech sound.
14.Whorf’s theory is a typical example of linguistic determinism.
15 Approbation maxim is one maxim of the politeness principle.
四、问答
1.There are two groups of words below. Analyze the relationships between them.
(a) sofa, chair, bed, furniture, table
(b) happy/ sad; buy/ sell; awake/ asleep
2.Draw two possible tree diagrams for the following sentence to show its syntactic structure.
The boy saw the man with the telescope.
3.Specify the two approaches to sociolinguistic studies.
4 What are the differences between phonetics and phonology?
5.Give a brief introduction to predication analysis.
五、评论
Language is not an abstract construction of the learned, pr of the dictionary-makers, but is something arising out of the work, needs, ties, joys, affections, tastes, of long generations of humanity, and has its bases broad and low, close to the ground. ----Walt Whiteman
Do you share your opinions with Walt Whiteman or not? What’s your understanding of language? | 
