　　2. To make his analysis as scientific as possible, the linguist is usually guided by four principles: ________, __________, economy, and __________.

　　3. The branch of phonetics that studies the sounds from the speaker’s point of view is labeled ___________ phonetics, the branch that studies the sounds from the hearer’s point of view is called ___________ phonetics, and that which investigates the physical properties of the sounds is called ____________ phonetics.

　　答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题或草稿纸上不给分。

　　试题代码：850 试题名称：英语语言学共 5 页第 2 页

　　4. Morphemes that occur only before other morphemes are _______, while those that occur only after other morphemes are _______________.

　　5. It is generally believed that the ___________ cerebral hemisphere excels in analytic tasks such as arithmetic whereas the __________ hemisphere excels in tasks which require an overall appreciation of complex patterns of sounds and images.

　　6. The design features of language include _______________, _________, ____________, _____________, and ____________ transmission.

　　7. The speech organs located in the oral cavity include the tongue, the _________, the velum, the ______ palate, the alveolus, the _________ and the lips.

　　8. The theory that the structure of the language people habitually use influences the ways they think and behave is know as linguistic ____________.

　　III. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false. Write a “T” for a true statement and an “F” for a false one (每小题1分，共10分).

　　1. Nasalization results from the air-stream blockage formed by the velum which is drawn back to allow the air to go through the oral cavity.

　　2. While traditional grammar analyzes language into a Latin-based framework, modern linguistics does not.

　　3. English as well as Chinese is a typical case of the tone language because like Chinese it has four tones.

　　4. The violation of selectional restrictions results in semantic anomaly.

　　5. Commissives express the speaker’s feelings and attitude toward an existing state.

　　答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题或草稿纸上不给分。

　　试题代码：850 试题名称：英语语言学共 5 页第 3 页

　　6. Applied linguistics, in a broad sense, refers to the application of linguistic theories in language teaching, especially in the teaching of foreign and second languages.

　　7. If an English word begins with /l/ or /r/, the next sound must be a vowel.

　　8. Verbs as well as nouns can take specifiers.

　　9. By sequential rules in English, in a three-consonant cluster at the beginning of a word, the first phoneme must be /s/, and the next one may be any one of /k/, /t/, /b/, and /p/.

　　10. The standard dialect is the variety which any member of a speech community can possibly use regardless of his social and geographical backgrounds, gender and age.

　　IV. Distinguish the two terms in each of the following pairs (每小题5分，共20分).

　　1.prescriptive vs. descriptive

　　2.synchronic vs. diachronic

　　3.langue vs. parole

　　4.interlingual errors vs. intralingual errors

　　V. Descriptions and analyses

　　1. Is there any difference in pronunciation between “sun” in “sun light” and “sun” in “sun glasses” when these two groups of words are said in the natural speech? If there is any, describe it and explain why (本题10分).

　　2. Give the phonetic features of the two sounds marked (1) and (2) and the phonetic symbol for each of the sound descriptions marked (3), (4) and (5).(每小题2分，共10分)

　　答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题或草稿纸上不给分。

　　试题代码：850 试题名称：英语语言学共 5 页第 4 页

　　(1) [i:]

　　(2) [r]

　　(3) voiceless palatal affricate

　　(4) voiced labiodental fricative

　　(5) voiced bilabial stop

　　3. Explain, by employing suitable linguistic theory, why the following utterances make a coherent dialogue. (本题10分)

　　A: That’s the telephone.

　　B: I’m in the bath.

　　A: OK.

　　4. Give the presupposition of each of the following sentences. (每小题2分，共10分)

　　(1) Have you stopped beating your wife?

　　(2) I forgave him for his insult.

　　(3) I pronounce you man and wife.

　　(4) My neighbor had a miscarriage.

　　(5) The Yankees lost the 1996 World Series.

　　5. Syntactic analysis

　　(1) Draw a phrase structure tree for the following sentence, indicating transformations that give shape to the surface structure. (本题10分)

　　What will you do?

　　(2) Tell why the following transformations are illegitimate.(每小题5分，共10分)

　　a. Had you knew that the train e already left?

　　b. You knew whether had the train e already left.

　　答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题或草稿纸上不给分。

　　试题代码：850 试题名称：英语语言学共 5 页第 5 页

　　6. Analyze the following sentences in terms of predication analysis.(每小题2分，共10分)

　　(1) The woman sells newspapers.

　　(2) The father bought his son a nice toy.

　　(3) The dog dashed out.

　　(4) There comes the bus.

　　(5) It’s raining hard.

　　答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题或草稿纸上不给分。